Research
Cited evidence summaries - what studies say, and what it means day to day.
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Cognitive reserve: staying mentally active
What 'cognitive reserve' means, why lifelong learning and social connection matter, and how it fits everyday brain-health habits.
GeneralDementia -
Constraint-induced movement therapy after stroke
What the evidence says about 'using the weaker arm on purpose' to regain movement after stroke - and the practical idea behind it.
StrokeMovement & motor -
Exercise and Parkinson's disease
Why movement is treatment, not just fitness, in Parkinson's - and what balance-focused exercise like tai chi can offer.
Parkinson'sMovement & motor -
Rhythm, sound, and smoother walking
How a steady beat can help people with Parkinson's walk more evenly - the evidence behind rhythmic auditory cueing.
Parkinson'sAuditory & musicMovement & motor -
Cognitive stimulation therapy for dementia
What the evidence says about cognitive stimulation - structured, enjoyable group activities - for thinking and quality of life in mild-to-moderate dementia.
DementiaMemoryAttention -
Diet and brain health: the MIND diet
What observational studies and a randomised trial say about the MIND/Mediterranean diet for cognition - and a balanced takeaway.
DementiaGeneral -
Constraint-induced and intensive language therapy
What constraint-induced aphasia therapy is, and what trials and reviews say about intensity versus the 'constraint' itself.
AphasiaStrokeLanguage & speech -
Music-based interventions for dementia
What the evidence shows about music therapy and music activities for mood, behaviour, and wellbeing in dementia.
DementiaAuditory & musicCalm & sensory -
Physical exercise and the brain
What guidelines and trials say about exercise for cognition - both to reduce risk and to support people already living with dementia.
DementiaMovement & motor -
Reminiscence therapy for dementia
What the evidence says about using memories and prompts from the past to support communication, mood, and connection in dementia.
DementiaMemory -
Does speech and language therapy help aphasia?
The evidence that speech and language therapy improves communication after stroke - and why intensity and meaningful practice matter.
AphasiaStrokeLanguage & speech -
Aerobic exercise and stroke recovery
What research suggests about cardio-style exercise for fitness, mood, and function after stroke.
StrokeMovement & motor -
Task-specific training for the arm after stroke
Evidence that practising real, meaningful tasks - not just exercises - helps the arm and hand recover.
StrokeMovement & motor -
Mirror therapy for weakness after stroke
Using a mirror reflection of the stronger limb as a rehab tool - what the research shows.
StrokeMovement & motor -
Virtual reality in stroke rehabilitation
Games and virtual environments as rehab tools - promising, engaging, and best used alongside standard therapy.
StrokeMovement & motorAttention -
Mental practice and motor imagery
Rehearsing movements in your mind may support physical recovery. A look at the evidence and how to try it.
StrokeMovement & motor -
Melodic intonation therapy for aphasia
Using melody and rhythm to support speech in some people with non-fluent aphasia.
AphasiaLanguage & speechAuditory & music -
Group therapy for aphasia
Practising communication with others offers practice plus connection. What research and experience suggest.
AphasiaLanguage & speechSocial & emotional -
Telerehabilitation for aphasia
Delivering speech therapy and practice remotely - convenient access, with evidence catching up.
AphasiaLanguage & speech -
Physical activity and dementia risk
Regular movement is one of the most consistently linked factors to lower dementia risk. A plain-language summary.
DementiaGeneral -
Mediterranean-style diet and cognition
Eating patterns rich in vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats are linked to better cognitive ageing.
DementiaGeneral -
Sleep and Alzheimer's risk
The two-way link between poor sleep and brain health, and why protecting sleep matters.
DementiaCalm & sensory -
Hearing loss and cognitive health
Untreated hearing loss is a recognised, modifiable risk factor for cognitive decline. Why hearing care matters.
DementiaAuditory & music -
Social engagement and cognitive decline
Staying socially active is associated with healthier cognitive ageing. A look at why connection matters.
DementiaSocial & emotional -
Does "brain training" work?
A balanced look at computerised cognitive training - what it can and cannot be expected to do.
GeneralMemoryAttention -
Dual-task training and cognition
Practising thinking and moving at the same time - relevant to real life, and to fall prevention.
GeneralAttentionMovement & motor -
Music-based therapy for stroke
Rhythm and music as tools for movement, mood, and speech after stroke.
StrokeAuditory & musicMovement & motor -
Dance for Parkinson's
Dance combines rhythm, movement, and social connection - a popular and promising activity in Parkinson's.
Parkinson'sMovement & motorSocial & emotional -
Treadmill and gait training in Parkinson's
Structured walking practice, sometimes with support, to improve gait and confidence.
Parkinson'sMovement & motor -
Intensive voice therapy (LSVT LOUD) in Parkinson's
A structured, intensive speech programme designed to increase vocal loudness and clarity.
Parkinson'sLanguage & speech -
Intensive movement therapy (LSVT BIG) in Parkinson's
An intensive programme that trains large-amplitude movements to counter the slowness of Parkinson's.
Parkinson'sMovement & motor -
Mindfulness for anxiety in neurological conditions
Mindfulness and relaxation approaches for managing stress and anxiety alongside neurological illness.
GeneralCalm & sensorySocial & emotional -
Talking therapies for post-stroke depression
Depression is common after stroke and is treatable. The role of talking therapies such as CBT.
StrokeSocial & emotional -
Fatigue management programmes
Structured education and pacing programmes for the persistent fatigue that follows many neuro conditions.
GeneralCalm & sensory -
Neuroplasticity: how the brain relearns
The principles behind recovery - use it, repeat it, make it matter - explained in plain language.
GeneralMovement & motor -
Enriched environments and recovery
Stimulating, engaging surroundings may support brain recovery. What lab and clinical research hints at.
GeneralAttention -
Bimanual (two-handed) training for the arm
Training both hands together on real tasks - an approach relevant to everyday function.
StrokeMovement & motor -
Functional electrical stimulation (FES)
Using small electrical currents to help weakened muscles move - a rehab tool for selected situations.
StrokeMovement & motor -
Robot-assisted therapy for the arm
Devices that support high-repetition arm practice - useful for adding volume to therapy.
StrokeMovement & motor -
Action observation therapy
Watching movements, then attempting them, may support motor recovery through the brain's mirror systems.
StrokeMovement & motor -
Spaced retrieval training for memory
Recalling information at gradually increasing intervals - a practical technique for learning key facts.
DementiaMemory -
Errorless learning in memory rehabilitation
Learning without making mistakes may help when memory is impaired. The rationale and evidence.
DementiaMemory -
Reality orientation in dementia care
Gently providing orientation information - time, place, people - as part of cognitive support.
DementiaOrientation & daily living -
Reminiscence with photos and technology
Digital photos, music, and archives can enrich reminiscence work and spark connection.
DementiaMemorySocial & emotional -
Validation approaches in dementia care
Meeting the person's emotional reality with empathy, rather than correcting facts.
DementiaSocial & emotional -
Aromatherapy and agitation in dementia
A look at the mixed evidence for scent-based approaches to calm and comfort.
DementiaCalm & sensory -
Light and daily rhythms for sleep
How daylight and light exposure shape the body clock, and its role in sleep and mood.
DementiaCalm & sensory -
Blood pressure control and brain health
Managing blood pressure is one of the clearest ways to protect the brain over the long term.
GeneralStroke -
Diabetes management and brain health
Well-managed blood sugar supports the blood vessels that feed the brain. Why it matters for cognition.
General -
Stopping smoking and stroke risk
Quitting smoking is one of the highest-impact steps for reducing stroke and protecting the brain.
StrokeGeneral -
Alcohol and cognitive health
How alcohol affects the brain, and why moderation matters for long-term cognition.
General -
Omega-3 fats and cognition
A balanced look at omega-3 fatty acids, fish, and brain health - promise, limits, and practical steps.
General -
Vitamin D and cognition
The relationship between vitamin D status and brain health - what is known and still uncertain.
General -
The gut-brain connection (emerging science)
An accessible look at the fast-moving, still-early research on gut health and the brain.
General -
Education, mental activity, and cognitive reserve
How lifelong learning may build resilience that helps the brain cope with change.
GeneralMemory -
Multidomain lifestyle programmes
Combining diet, exercise, cognitive activity, and risk-factor control - the case for tackling brain health together.
GeneralDementia -
How much therapy is enough? Dose in rehab
Why the amount of practice - the "dose" - is one of the most important ingredients in recovery.
StrokeMovement & motor -
"Exercise snacks" and vascular health
Short bursts of activity through the day may benefit the heart, vessels, and brain - a practical idea.
GeneralMovement & motor -
Occupational therapy for daily living
How occupational therapy rebuilds the everyday tasks that matter - washing, dressing, cooking, and more.
StrokeOrientation & daily livingExecutive function -
Goal setting in rehabilitation
Collaborative, meaningful goals can improve engagement and outcomes. The evidence behind good goal setting.
GeneralExecutive functionSocial & emotional -
Peer support in recovery
Connecting with others who "get it" can improve confidence, mood, and coping. What we know about peer support.
GeneralSocial & emotional -
Sleep apnoea and brain health
Untreated sleep apnoea harms sleep quality and vascular health. Why diagnosis and treatment matter for the brain.
GeneralStrokeCalm & sensory