Research
Short, cited summaries of what the evidence really says.
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Acupressure in neurological rehabilitation - the evidence
An honest look at what systematic reviews say about acupressure for neurological conditions: what shows promise, what doesn't, and what to consider.
StrokeAquatic therapy in neurological rehabilitation
What systematic reviews say about hydrotherapy and aquatic exercise for people with stroke, Parkinson's, and other neurological conditions.
StrokeParkinson'sAuditory cueing and gait rehabilitation
How rhythmic sound cues improve walking in Parkinson's disease and after stroke - the neurological basis and the evidence from meta-analyses.
Auditory & musicParkinson'sStrokeMovement & motorCognitive rehabilitation in MS
Many people with MS notice slower thinking or memory changes. What the research says about cognitive rehabilitation - training plus practical strategies - and what helps.
Multiple sclerosisMemoryAttentionExecutive functionCognitive reserve and lifelong learning
Why some brains cope better with ageing and injury. The research on cognitive reserve - built through education, activity, and connection - and how to keep building it.
Cognitive developmentDementiaGeneralEpilepsy and thinking
How epilepsy and its treatment can affect memory and attention, why it happens, and the evidence-aligned strategies that help people think and function well.
EpilepsyMemoryAttentionExercise and multiple sclerosis
Once discouraged, exercise is now recognised as safe and helpful in MS - easing fatigue, improving strength, walking, and mood. What the evidence says and how to start.
Multiple sclerosisMovement & motorGeneralLaser therapy for neurological conditions - the evidence
What the research really says about low-level laser therapy (photobiomodulation) and transcranial laser therapy for neurological conditions.
StrokeBrain injuryVisual scanning training for neglect after stroke
What systematic eye and attention training can achieve for people with visual neglect - the evidence from controlled trials.
StrokeVisual perceptionAttentionConstraint-induced language therapy (CILT)
An intensive aphasia therapy that 'constrains' you to speaking - no pointing or gesturing - in short, daily bursts. What the trials actually show.
AphasiaLanguage & speechrTMS as an add-on for aphasia
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) paired with speech therapy for post-stroke aphasia - a real, clinic-based add-on with genuine but still-maturing evidence.
AphasiaLanguage & speechSemantic feature analysis for word-finding
A structured aphasia technique for the frustrating 'tip of the tongue' problem: describe a word's features to help retrieve its name. What the evidence shows.
AphasiaLanguage & speechCognitive reserve: staying mentally active
What 'cognitive reserve' means, why lifelong learning and social connection matter, and how it fits everyday brain-health habits.
GeneralDementiaConstraint-induced movement therapy after stroke
What the evidence says about 'using the weaker arm on purpose' to regain movement after stroke - and the practical idea behind it.
StrokeMovement & motorExercise and Parkinson's disease
Why movement is treatment, not just fitness, in Parkinson's - and what balance-focused exercise like tai chi can offer.
Parkinson'sMovement & motorRhythm, sound, and smoother walking
How a steady beat can help people with Parkinson's walk more evenly - the evidence behind rhythmic auditory cueing.
Parkinson'sAuditory & musicMovement & motorCognitive stimulation therapy for dementia
What the evidence says about cognitive stimulation - structured, enjoyable group activities - for thinking and quality of life in mild-to-moderate dementia.
DementiaMemoryAttentionDiet and brain health: the MIND diet
What observational studies and a randomised trial say about the MIND/Mediterranean diet for cognition - and a balanced takeaway.
DementiaGeneralConstraint-induced and intensive language therapy
What constraint-induced aphasia therapy is, and what trials and reviews say about intensity versus the 'constraint' itself.
AphasiaStrokeLanguage & speechMusic-based interventions for dementia
What the evidence shows about music therapy and music activities for mood, behaviour, and wellbeing in dementia.
DementiaAuditory & musicCalm & sensoryPhysical exercise and the brain
What guidelines and trials say about exercise for cognition - both to reduce risk and to support people already living with dementia.
DementiaMovement & motorReminiscence therapy for dementia
What the evidence says about using memories and prompts from the past to support communication, mood, and connection in dementia.
DementiaMemoryDoes speech and language therapy help aphasia?
The evidence that speech and language therapy improves communication after stroke - and why intensity and meaningful practice matter.
AphasiaStrokeLanguage & speechAerobic exercise and stroke recovery
What research suggests about cardio-style exercise for fitness, mood, and function after stroke.
StrokeMovement & motorTask-specific training for the arm after stroke
Evidence that practising real, meaningful tasks - not just exercises - helps the arm and hand recover.
StrokeMovement & motorMirror therapy for weakness after stroke
Using a mirror reflection of the stronger limb as a rehab tool - what the research shows.
StrokeMovement & motorVirtual reality in stroke rehabilitation
Games and virtual environments as rehab tools - promising, engaging, and best used alongside standard therapy.
StrokeMovement & motorAttentionMental practice and motor imagery
Rehearsing movements in your mind may support physical recovery. A look at the evidence and how to try it.
StrokeMovement & motorMelodic intonation therapy for aphasia
Using melody and rhythm to support speech in some people with non-fluent aphasia.
AphasiaLanguage & speechAuditory & musicGroup therapy for aphasia
Practising communication with others offers practice plus connection. What research and experience suggest.
AphasiaLanguage & speechSocial & emotionalTelerehabilitation for aphasia
Delivering speech therapy and practice remotely - convenient access, with evidence catching up.
AphasiaLanguage & speechPhysical activity and dementia risk
Regular movement is one of the most consistently linked factors to lower dementia risk. A plain-language summary.
DementiaGeneralMediterranean-style diet and cognition
Eating patterns rich in vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats are linked to better cognitive ageing.
DementiaGeneralSleep and Alzheimer's risk
The two-way link between poor sleep and brain health, and why protecting sleep matters.
DementiaCalm & sensoryHearing loss and cognitive health
Untreated hearing loss is a recognised, modifiable risk factor for cognitive decline. Why hearing care matters.
DementiaAuditory & musicSocial engagement and cognitive decline
Staying socially active is associated with healthier cognitive ageing. A look at why connection matters.
DementiaSocial & emotionalDoes "brain training" work?
A balanced look at computerised cognitive training - what it can and cannot be expected to do.
GeneralMemoryAttentionDual-task training and cognition
Practising thinking and moving at the same time - relevant to real life, and to fall prevention.
GeneralAttentionMovement & motorMusic-based therapy for stroke
Rhythm and music as tools for movement, mood, and speech after stroke.
StrokeAuditory & musicMovement & motorDance for Parkinson's
Dance combines rhythm, movement, and social connection - a popular and promising activity in Parkinson's.
Parkinson'sMovement & motorSocial & emotionalTreadmill and gait training in Parkinson's
Structured walking practice, sometimes with support, to improve gait and confidence.
Parkinson'sMovement & motorIntensive voice therapy (LSVT LOUD) in Parkinson's
A structured, intensive speech programme designed to increase vocal loudness and clarity.
Parkinson'sLanguage & speechIntensive movement therapy (LSVT BIG) in Parkinson's
An intensive programme that trains large-amplitude movements to counter the slowness of Parkinson's.
Parkinson'sMovement & motorMindfulness for anxiety in neurological conditions
Mindfulness and relaxation approaches for managing stress and anxiety alongside neurological illness.
GeneralCalm & sensorySocial & emotionalTalking therapies for post-stroke depression
Depression is common after stroke and is treatable. The role of talking therapies such as CBT.
StrokeSocial & emotionalFatigue management programmes
Structured education and pacing programmes for the persistent fatigue that follows many neuro conditions.
GeneralCalm & sensoryNeuroplasticity: how the brain relearns
The principles behind recovery - use it, repeat it, make it matter - explained in plain language.
GeneralMovement & motorEnriched environments and recovery
Stimulating, engaging surroundings may support brain recovery. What lab and clinical research hints at.
GeneralAttentionBimanual (two-handed) training for the arm
Training both hands together on real tasks - an approach relevant to everyday function.
StrokeMovement & motorFunctional electrical stimulation (FES)
Using small electrical currents to help weakened muscles move - a rehab tool for selected situations.
StrokeMovement & motorRobot-assisted therapy for the arm
Devices that support high-repetition arm practice - useful for adding volume to therapy.
StrokeMovement & motorAction observation therapy
Watching movements, then attempting them, may support motor recovery through the brain's mirror systems.
StrokeMovement & motorSpaced retrieval training for memory
Recalling information at gradually increasing intervals - a practical technique for learning key facts.
DementiaMemoryErrorless learning in memory rehabilitation
Learning without making mistakes may help when memory is impaired. The rationale and evidence.
DementiaMemoryReality orientation in dementia care
Gently providing orientation information - time, place, people - as part of cognitive support.
DementiaOrientation & daily livingReminiscence with photos and technology
Digital photos, music, and archives can enrich reminiscence work and spark connection.
DementiaMemorySocial & emotionalValidation approaches in dementia care
Meeting the person's emotional reality with empathy, rather than correcting facts.
DementiaSocial & emotionalAromatherapy and agitation in dementia
A look at the mixed evidence for scent-based approaches to calm and comfort.
DementiaCalm & sensoryLight and daily rhythms for sleep
How daylight and light exposure shape the body clock, and its role in sleep and mood.
DementiaCalm & sensoryBlood pressure control and brain health
Managing blood pressure is one of the clearest ways to protect the brain over the long term.
GeneralStrokeDiabetes management and brain health
Well-managed blood sugar supports the blood vessels that feed the brain. Why it matters for cognition.
GeneralStopping smoking and stroke risk
Quitting smoking is one of the highest-impact steps for reducing stroke and protecting the brain.
StrokeGeneralAlcohol and cognitive health
How alcohol affects the brain, and why moderation matters for long-term cognition.
GeneralOmega-3 fats and cognition
A balanced look at omega-3 fatty acids, fish, and brain health - promise, limits, and practical steps.
GeneralVitamin D and cognition
The relationship between vitamin D status and brain health - what is known and still uncertain.
GeneralThe gut-brain connection (emerging science)
An accessible look at the fast-moving, still-early research on gut health and the brain.
GeneralEducation, mental activity, and cognitive reserve
How lifelong learning may build resilience that helps the brain cope with change.
GeneralMemoryMultidomain lifestyle programmes
Combining diet, exercise, cognitive activity, and risk-factor control - the case for tackling brain health together.
GeneralDementiaHow much therapy is enough? Dose in rehab
Why the amount of practice - the "dose" - is one of the most important ingredients in recovery.
StrokeMovement & motor"Exercise snacks" and vascular health
Short bursts of activity through the day may benefit the heart, vessels, and brain - a practical idea.
GeneralMovement & motorOccupational therapy for daily living
How occupational therapy rebuilds the everyday tasks that matter - washing, dressing, cooking, and more.
StrokeOrientation & daily livingExecutive functionGoal setting in rehabilitation
Collaborative, meaningful goals can improve engagement and outcomes. The evidence behind good goal setting.
GeneralExecutive functionSocial & emotionalPeer support in recovery
Connecting with others who "get it" can improve confidence, mood, and coping. What we know about peer support.
GeneralSocial & emotionalSleep apnoea and brain health
Untreated sleep apnoea harms sleep quality and vascular health. Why diagnosis and treatment matter for the brain.
GeneralStrokeCalm & sensory