Traumatic brain injury: the basics

A traumatic brain injury (TBI) is caused by a bump, blow, or jolt to the head - or a penetrating injury - that disrupts how the brain works. Effects range from mild (a concussion) to severe ^{[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 2024]} .

Common effects

TBI can affect more than the obvious. People often notice:

• Trouble with attention, memory, or finding words
• Headaches, tiredness, or sensitivity to light and noise
• Changes in mood, patience, or sleep

These effects can be invisible to others, which is why understanding and patience matter so much ^{[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 2024]} .

Supporting recovery

Rest early on, then a gradual, guided return to activity. Short, regular practice

• for attention, memory, and language - tends to work better than long, tiring sessions. Build in breaks before fatigue sets in.

Severity varies widely

Brain injuries range from mild (concussion) to severe, and recovery differs accordingly:

• Mild injuries often improve within weeks.
• Moderate to severe injuries may need longer, specialist rehab.
• Two injuries are rarely exactly alike.

Common after-effects

• Headaches, dizziness, and fatigue.
• Trouble with attention, memory, or planning.
• Changes in mood, irritability, or motivation.
• Sensitivity to light and noise.

Supporting recovery

• Balance rest with a gradual return to activity.
• Use notes, lists, and reminders for memory.
• Reduce distractions to support attention.
• Protect sleep and pace your energy.

When to seek urgent help

• Worsening headache, repeated vomiting, or increasing drowsiness.
• New weakness, confusion, or seizures.
• Any symptom that suddenly gets worse.

How this site helps

Pick one short step in Practice, or use a calm game to practise attention or memory without pressure. Stop and rest if you feel worn out - little and often is the goal.